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.............................. Ernst & Young
Logo and Trademark..............................
Ernst & Young is one of the largest professional services firms in the world, and one of the Big Four auditors, along with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (Deloitte) and KPMG. Ernst & Young is a global organization consisting of many member firms.Ernst & Young Global is based at London, UK and the US firm is headquartered at 5 Times Square, New York, NY. The company (partnership) is the result of a series of mergers of ancestor organizations. The oldest originating partnership was founded in 1849 in England as Harding & Pullein. In that year the firm was joined by the American Frederick Whinney. He was made a partner in 1859 and with his sons in the business it was renamed Whinney, Smith & Whinney in 1894.
In 1903, the firm of Ernst & Ernst was established in Cleveland by Alwin and Theodore Ernst and in 1906 Arthur Young & Company was set up by the Scotsman Arthur Young in Chicago. As early as 1924 these American firms allied with prominent British firms. Young with Broads Paterson & Co., and Ernst with Whinney Smith & Whinney. In 1979 this led to the formation of Anglo-American Ernst & Whinney, creating the fourth largest accountancy firm in the world. In 1989, the number four merged with the then number five, Arthur Young, to create Ernst & Young ("EY").
EY ancestor firms opened offices around the world in order to service their international clients. In 1979 the European offices of Arthur Young joined several large local European firms, which themselves became member firms of Arthur Young International. The big merger in 1989, creating Ernst & Young, was effected by mergers between Ernst & Whinney offices and Arthur Young member firms in all countries involved. Each Area has a single management team that is lead by an Area Managing Partner who sits on the Global Executive Board. All Areas are currently integrating their business models, including partner pay.
In October 1997, EY announced plans to merge their global practices with KPMG to create the largest professional services organization in the world, coming on the heels of another merger plan announced in September 1997 by Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand. The merger plans were abandoned in February 1998 due to client opposition, antitrust issues, cost problems and difficulty of merging the two diverse companies and cultures. Merger difficulties were rumored to reach a climax following an external consultant's recommendation that the merged firm adopt the controversial name BlueBox, which was introduced by the consultant via an animated presentation depicting the blue rectangles in the KPMG logo closing around the EY logo thus forming a blue box.
EY built up its consultancy arm heavily during the 1980s and 90s. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and members of the investment community began to raise concerns about potential conflicts of interest between the consulting and auditing work amongst the Big Five. In May 2000, EY was the first of the firms to formally and fully separate its consulting practices via a sale to the French IT services company Cap Gemini for $11 billion, largely in stock, creating the new consulting firm of Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, which was later renamed Capgemini. Recently, Ernst & Young has started building a significant finance & performance management advisory services practice.
In 2002, EY merged with most of the ex-Arthur Andersen practices around the world, although not those in the USA, UK or the Netherlands. In 2007, EY took over most of Japan's ex-PwC affiliate, Misuzu.
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